Which of the following bacteria are commonly associated with inflammatory diarrhea?

Inflammatory diarrhea is characterized by the presence of blood and/or mucus in the stool, often caused by organisms that invade the intestinal mucosa or produce toxins that lead to inflammation. The bacteria associated with inflammatory diarrhea typically cause damage to the intestinal lining, resulting in a more severe clinical picture.

The group of bacteria identified in the correct answer includes Campylobacter, EHEC (Enterohemorrhagic E. coli), Shigella, Salmonella, and Yersinia. Each of these pathogens has well-established links to inflammatory diarrhea:

• Campylobacter is one of the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis and is known to cause bloody diarrhea due to its ability to invade intestinal epithelial cells.

• EHEC is particularly notorious for causing hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and leads to bloody diarrhea through its Shiga toxin, which damages the intestinal lining.

• Shigella has a very low infectious dose and causes significant inflammation, leading to bloody diarrhea through mucosal invasion.

• Salmonella can cause gastroenteritis with an inflammatory component, especially in cases of non-typhoidal Salmonella, which often presents with increased leukocytes in stool.

• Yersinia can cause diarrhea along with mesenter