Which condition is characterized by a butterfly rash on the face?

The condition characterized by a butterfly rash on the face is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This distinctive rash often appears across the cheeks and the bridge of the nose, resembling the shape of a butterfly. It is one of the hallmark manifestations of SLE and can be exacerbated by sun exposure.

In systemic lupus erythematosus, the immune system produces antibodies that can attack the body’s own tissues, leading to inflammation and a multitude of systemic symptoms. The butterfly rash is not only a recognizable clinical sign but also a significant point in diagnosing SLE, as it helps clinicians differentiate it from other skin conditions.

Other conditions listed, such as rosacea, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis, have different presentations and do not typically feature the butterfly pattern associated with lupus. For instance, rosacea may cause redness and pustules primarily on the face without a specific butterfly configuration. Psoriasis is characterized by well-defined red plaques with silvery scales, while atopic dermatitis usually presents with itchy, inflamed patches, often in flexural areas rather than in a butterfly distribution across the face.