Which chronic condition can lead to an increased risk of developing cataracts?

Diabetes is known to significantly increase the risk of developing cataracts. The underlying mechanism involves elevated blood sugar levels, which can lead to changes in the lens of the eye. Glucose can be converted into sorbitol via the enzyme aldose reductase, and this accumulation of sorbitol can lead to osmotic and oxidative damage in the lens, promoting cataract formation.

Additionally, individuals with diabetes often have other coexisting conditions, such as hypertension, that may further complicate eye health, but the direct link between diabetes and cataracts is well established in medical literature. The risk is also heightened with poor blood sugar control over time, making diabetes a prominent factor in the development of cataracts.

The other conditions listed do not have the same direct relationship with cataract development as diabetes does, which is why diabetes stands out in this context. Understanding how chronic conditions impact eye health is crucial in family medicine, especially for managing patients with diabetes to prevent complications like cataracts.