What tool is used to screen for osteoporosis?

A DEXA scan, or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, is the gold standard tool used to screen for osteoporosis. It measures bone mineral density (BMD) at various sites, typically the hip and spine, and provides a T-score that compares the individual’s bone density to that of a healthy young adult. This allows for the identification of individuals at risk for fractures due to low bone density, which is the hallmark of osteoporosis.

While a bone density X-ray could sound plausible, it is not the standard terminology used in clinical settings for osteoporosis screening; thus, it is less specific than a DEXA scan. Ultrasound is sometimes utilized for peripheral assessments of bone density but is not routinely used for osteoporosis screening. CT scans can assess bone density but are not specifically recommended for screening due to higher radiation exposure and cost compared to DEXA scans.

Therefore, the DEXA scan is preferred because of its accuracy, low radiation exposure, and established clinical guidelines supporting its use in osteoporosis screening.