What is the primary treatment for Graves' disease?

The primary treatment for Graves' disease is antithyroid medications, which include drugs such as methimazole or propylthiouracil. These medications work by inhibiting the thyroid gland's ability to produce excessive amounts of thyroid hormones, which is a hallmark of Graves' disease. By reducing the production of hormones like thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), these medications can help alleviate the symptoms associated with hyperthyroidism, such as rapid heart rate, weight loss, and anxiety.

Antithyroid medications are often the first line of treatment, particularly in patients with mild to moderate hyperthyroidism. They are non-invasive and can effectively control symptoms, and they can also be used as adjunct therapy before other definitive treatments, such as radioactive iodine or surgery, if needed.

Other treatment options exist, such as radioactive iodine therapy, which is often utilized in cases where patients do not respond adequately to medication or have more severe symptoms. However, antithyroid medications are preferred for initial management in many cases. Insulin therapy is unrelated to the management of thyroid conditions and is specifically for diabetes management. Surgical options may be considered but are generally reserved for specific situations where medication or radioactive iodine is not