What is the primary treatment for bacterial infections that cause inflammatory diarrhea?

For bacterial infections that lead to inflammatory diarrhea, the primary treatment option involves the use of antibiotics in select cases. Inflammatory diarrhea is characterized by the presence of blood and pus in the stool, significant abdominal pain, and fever, often indicative of more serious bacterial pathogens such as Shigella, Campylobacter, or certain strains of E. coli. Antimicrobial therapy is beneficial when used appropriately based on the specific pathogen identified or suspected. It can reduce the duration of illness and lower the risk of complications.

However, antibiotic use is not universally indicated for all cases of diarrhea. In many instances, especially with non-inflammatory diarrhea caused by viruses or certain bacteria that are self-limiting, supportive care, including hydration, is more appropriate. This includes oral rehydration therapy or intravenous fluids, particularly in severe dehydration, but does not specifically address the bacterial infection itself.

The careful selection of antibiotics is crucial, as inappropriate use may contribute to resistance or complications. Therefore, it is essential to identify those cases where bacterial pathogens are more aggressive or where a patient is at high risk for severe disease, making the judicious use of antibiotics a primary treatment choice in such contexts.