What is the first-step management of anaphylaxis?

The first-step management of anaphylaxis is the administration of epinephrine. Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur rapidly after exposure to an allergen. Epinephrine is a potent vasoconstrictor and bronchodilator that works by counteracting the effects of histamine release in the body. It rapidly improves airway patency, increases blood pressure, and reduces swelling, making it critical for reversing the symptoms of anaphylaxis.

Prompt use of epinephrine can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality associated with anaphylactic reactions. It is typically administered intramuscularly, usually in the mid anterolateral thigh, and can be repeated if symptoms do not improve.

Other management strategies, such as oxygen therapy, intravenous fluids, and oral antihistamines, are important in supportive care or for managing mild allergic reactions but are not the primary treatment for anaphylaxis. They do not address the underlying pathophysiological response with the urgency that epinephrine does, which is why epinephrine is highlighted as the first step in managing this critical condition.